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				Trade Union and Labour Relations (Consolidation) Act 1992 (c. 52)
				Introductory Text
				Main body
				Part I Trade Unions
				Chapter I Introductory
				Meaning of "trade union"
				1. Meaning of "trade union".
				The list of trade unions
				2. The list of trade unions.
				3. Application to have name entered in the list.
				4. Removal of name from the list.
				Certification as independent trade union
				5. Meaning of "independent trade union".
				6. Application for certificate of independence.
				7. Withdrawal or cancellation of certificate.
				8. Conclusive effect of Certification Officer's decision.
				Supplementary
				9. Appeal against decision of Certification Officer.
				Chapter II Status and property of trade unions
				General
				10. Quasi-corporate status of trade unions.
				11. Exclusion of common law rules as to restraint of trade.
				Property of trade union
				12. Property to be vested in trustees.
				13. Vesting of property in new trustees.
				14. Transfer of securities held in trust for trade union.
				15. Prohibition on use of funds to indemnify unlawful conduct.
				16. Remedy against trustees for unlawful use of union property.
				17. Nominations by members of trade unions.
				18. Payments out of union funds on death of member.
				19. Application of certain provisions relating to industrial assurance or friendly societies.
				Liability of trade unions in proceedings in tort
				20. Liability of trade union in certain proceedings in tort.
				21. Repudiation by union of certain acts.
				22. Limit on damages awarded against trade unions in actions in tort.
				Restriction on enforcement against certain property
				23. Restriction on enforcement of awards against certain property.
				Chapter III Trade union administration
				Register of members' names and addresses
				24. Duty to maintain register of members' names and addresses.
				24A. Securing confidentiality of register during ballots.
				25. Remedy for failure: application to Certification Officer.
				26. Remedy for failure: application to court.
				Duty to supply copy of rules
				27. Duty to supply copy of rules.
				Accounting records
				28. Duty to keep accounting records.
				29. Duty to keep records available for inspection.
				30. Right of access to accounting records.
				31. Remedy for failure to comply with request for access.
				Annual return, accounts and audit
				32. Annual return.
				32A. Statement to members following annual return.
				33. Duty to appoint auditors.
				34. Eligibility for appointment as auditor.
				35. Appointment and removal of auditors.
				36. Auditors' report.
				37. Rights of auditors.
				Investigation of financial affairs
				37A. Power of Certification Officer to require production of documents etc.
				37B. Investigations by inspectors.
				37C. Inspectors' reports etc.
				37D. Expenses of investigations.
				37E. Sections 37A and 37B: supplementary.
				Members' superannuation schemes
				38. Members' superannuation schemes: separate fund to be maintained.
				39. Examination of proposals for new scheme.
				40. Periodical re-examination of existing schemes.
				41. Powers of the Certification Officer.
				42. Meaning of "appropriately qualified actuary".
				Supplementary
				43. Newly-formed trade unions.
				44. Discharge of duties in case of union having branches or sections.
				45. Offences.
				45A. Penalties and prosecution time limits.
				45B. Duty to secure positions not held by certain offenders.
				45C. Remedies and enforcement.
				45D. Appeals from Certification Officer.
				Chapter IV Elections for certain positions
				Duty to hold elections
				46. Duty to hold elections for certain positions.
				Requirements to be satisfied with respect to elections
				47. Candidates.
				48. Election addresses.
				49. Appointment of independent scrutineer.
				50. Entitlement to vote.
				51. Voting.
				51A. Counting of votes etc. by independent person.
				52. Scrutineer's report.
				53. Uncontested elections.
				Remedy for failure to comply with requirements
				54. Remedy for failure to comply with requirements: general.
				55. Application to Certification Officer.
				56. Application to court.
				56A. Appeals from Certification Officer.
				Supplementary
				57. Exemption of newly-formed trade unions, &c.
				58. Exemption of certain persons nearing retirement.
				59. Period for giving effect to election.
				60. Overseas members.
				61. Other supplementary provisions.
				Chapter V Rights of trade union members
				Right to a ballot before industrial action
				62. Right to a ballot before industrial action.
				Right not to be denied access to the courts
				63. Right not to be denied access to the courts.
				Right not to be unjustifiably disciplined
				64. Right not to be unjustifiably disciplined.
				65. Meaning of "unjustifiably disciplined".
				66. Complaint of infringement of right.
				67. Further remedies for infringement of right.
				Right not to suffer deduction of unauthorised or excessive union subscriptions
				68. Right not to suffer deduction of unauthorised subscriptions
				68A. Complaint of infringement of rights.
				Right to terminate membership of union
				69. Right to terminate membership of union.
				Supplementary
				70. Membership of constituent or affiliated organisation.
				Chapter VA Collective bargaining: recognition
				70A. Recognition of trade unions.
				70B. Training.
				70C. Section 70B: complaint to employment tribunal.
				Chapter VI Application of funds for political objects
				Restriction on use of funds for certain political objects
				71. Restriction on use of funds for political objects.
				72. Political objects to which restriction applies.
				72A. Application of funds in breach of section 71.
				Political resolution
				73. Passing and effect of political resolution.
				74. Approval of political ballot rules.
				75. Appointment of independent scrutineer.
				76. Entitlement to vote.
				77. Voting.
				77A. Counting of votes etc. by independent person.
				78. Scrutineer's report.
				79. Remedy for failure to comply with ballot rules: general.
				80. Application to Certification Officer.
				81. Application to court.
				The political fund
				82. Rules as to political fund.
				83. Assets and liabilities of political fund.
				84. Notice of objection to contributing to political fund.
				[85. Manner of giving effect to exemptions.]
				Duties of employer who deducts union contributions
				86. Certificate of exemption or objection to contributing to political fund.
				87. Complaint in respect of employer's failure.
				88. Application of provisions of Wages Act 1986.
				Position where political resolution ceases to have effect
				89. Administration of political fund where no resolution in force.
				90. Discontinuance of contributions to political fund.
				91. Rules to cease to have effect.
				Supplementary
				92. Manner of making union rules.
				93. Effect of amalgamation.
				94. Overseas members of trade union.
				95. Appeals from Certification Officer.
				96. Meaning of "date of the ballot".
				Chapter VII Amalgamations and similar matters
				Amalgamation or transfer of engagements
				97. Amalgamation or transfer of engagements.
				98. Approval of instrument of amalgamation or transfer.
				99. Notice to be given to members.
				100. Requirement of ballot on resolution.
				100A. Appointment of independent scrutineer.
				100B. Entitlement to vote.
				100C. Voting.
				100D. Counting of votes etc. by independent person.
				100E. Scrutineer's report.
				101. Registration of instrument of amalgamation or transfer.
				102. Power to alter rules of transferee union for purposes of transfer.
				103. Complaints as regards passing of resolution.
				104. Appeal from decision of Certification Officer.
				105. Transfer of property on amalgamation or transfer.
				106. Amalgamation or transfer involving Northern Ireland union.
				Change of name
				107. Change of name of trade union.
				Supplementary
				108. General power to make regulations.
				Chapter VIIA BREACH OF RULES
				108A. Right to apply to Certification Officer.
				108B. Declarations and orders.
				108C. Appeals from Certification Officer.
				Chapter VIII Assistance for certain legal proceedings
				Chapter IX Miscellaneous and general provisions
				Further provisions with respect to ballots
				115. Payments towards expenditure in connection with secret ballots.
				116. Use of employer's premises for secret ballot.
				Exceptions and adaptations for certain bodies
				117. Special register bodies.
				118. Federated trade unions.
				Interpretation
				119. Expressions relating to trade unions.
				120. Northern Ireland unions.
				121. Meaning of "the court".
				Part II Employers' Associations
				Introductory
				122. Meaning of "employers' association".
				The list of employers' associations
				123. The list of employers' associations.
				124. Application to have name entered in the list.
				125. Removal of name from the list.
				126. Appeal against decision of Certification Officer.
				Status and property of employers' associations
				127. Corporate or quasi-corporate status of employers' associations.
				128. Exclusion of common law rules as to restraint of trade.
				129. Property of unincorporated employers' associations, &c.
				130. Restriction on enforcement of awards against certain property.
				Administration of employers' associations
				131. Administrative provisions applying to employers' associations.
				Application of funds for political objects
				132. Application of funds for political objects.
				Amalgamations and similar matters
				133. Amalgamations and transfers of engagements.
				134. Change of name of employers' association.
				General
				135. Federated employers' associations.
				136. Meaning of "officer" of employers' association.
				Part III Rights in relation to union membership and activities
				Access to employment
				137. Refusal of employment on grounds related to union membership.
				138. Refusal of service of employment agency on grounds related to union membership.
				139. Time limit for proceedings.
				140. Remedies.
				141. Complaint against employer and employment agency.
				142. Awards against third parties.
				143. Interpretation and other supplementary provisions.
				Contracts for supply of goods or services
				144. Union membership requirement in contract for goods or services void.
				145. Refusal to deal on union membership grounds prohibited.
				Action short of dismissal
				146. Action short of dismissal on grounds related to union membership or activities.
				147. Time limit for proceedings.
				148. Consideration of complaint.
				149. Remedies.
				150. Awards against third parties.
				151. Interpretation and other supplementary provisions.
				Dismissal
				152. Dismissal on grounds related to union membership or activities.
				153. Selection for redundancy on grounds related to union membership or activities.
				154. Exclusion of requirement as to qualifying period, &c.
				155. Matters to be disregarded in assessing contributory fault.
				156. Minimum basic award.
				157. Special award of compensation.
				158. Amount of special award.
				159. Power to increase sums by order.
				160. Awards against third parties.
				161. Application for interim relief.
				162. Application to be promptly determined.
				163. Procedure on hearing of application and making of order.
				164. Order for continuation of contract of employment.
				165. Application for variation or revocation of order.
				166. Consequences of failure to comply with order.
				167. Interpretation and other supplementary provisions.
				Time off for trade union duties and activities
				168. Time off for carrying out trade union duties.
				[168A Time off for union learning representatives]
				169. Payment for time off under section 168.
				170. Time off for trade union activities.
				171. Time limit for proceedings.
				172. Remedies.
				173. Intepretation and other supplementary provisions.
				Right to membership of trade union
				174. Right not to be excluded or expelled from union.
				175. Time limit for proceedings.
				176. Remedies.
				177. Interpretation and other supplementary provisions.
				Part IV Industrial Relations
				Chapter I Collective bargaining
				Introductory
				178. Collective agreements and collective bargaining.
				Enforceability of collective agreements
				179. Whether agreement intended to be a legally enforceable contract.
				180. Effect of provisions restricting right to take industrial action.
				Disclosure of information for purposes of collective bargaining
				181. General duty of employers to disclose information.
				182. Restrictions on general duty.
				183. Complaint of failure to disclose information.
				184. Further complaint of failure to comply with declaration.
				185. Determination of claim and award.
				Prohibition of union recognition requirements
				186. Recognition requirement in contract for goods or services void.
				187. Refusal to deal on grounds of union exclusion prohibited.
				Chapter II Procedure for Handling Redundancies
				Duty of employer to consult trade union representatives
				188. Duty of employer to consult trade union representatives.
				188A. {- The requirements for the election of employee representatives under section 188(1B)(b)(ii) ar...}
				189. Complaint by trade union and protective award.
				190. Entitlement under protective award.
				191. Termination of employment during protected period.
				192. Complaint by employee toemployment tribunal.
				Duty of employer to notify Secretary of State
				193. Duty of employer to notify Secretary of State of certain redundancies.
				194. Offence of failure to notify.
				Supplementary provisions
				195. Construction of references to dismissal as redundant etc.
				196. Construction of references to representatives.
				197. Power to vary provisions.
				198. Power to adapt provisions in case of collective agreement.
				Chapter III Codes of Practice
				Codes of Practice issued by ACAS
				199. Issue of Codes of Practice by ACAS.
				200. Procedure for issue of Code by ACAS.
				201. Consequential revision of Code issued by ACAS.
				202. Revocation of Code issued by ACAS.
				Codes of Practice issued by the Secretary of State
				203. Issue of Codes of Practice by the Secretary of State.
				204. Procedure for issue of Code by Secretary of State.
				205. Consequential revision of Code issued by Secretary of State.
				206. Revocation of Code issued by Secretary of State.
				Supplementary provisions
				207. Effect of failure to comply with Code.
				208. Provisions of earlier Code superseded by later.
				Chapter IV General
				Functions of ACAS
				209. General duty to promote improvement of industrial relations.
				210. Conciliation.
				211. Conciliation officers.
				212. Arbitration.
				212A. Arbitration scheme for unfair dismissal cases etc.
				212B. Dismissal procedures agreements.
				213. Advice.
				214. Inquiry.
				Courts of inquiry
				215. Inquiry and report by court of inquiry.
				216. Constitution and proceedings of court of inquiry.
				Supplementary provisions
				217. Exclusion of power of arbiter to state case to Court of Session.
				218. Meaning of "trade dispute" in Part IV.
				Part V Industrial action
				Protection of acts in contemplation or furtherance of trade dispute
				219. Protection from certain tort liabilities.
				220. Peaceful picketing.
				221. Restrictions on grant of injunctions and interdicts.
				Action excluded from protection
				222. Action to enforce trade union membership.
				223. Action taken because of dismissal for taking unofficial action.
				224. Secondary action.
				225. Pressure to impose union recognition requirement.
				Requirement of ballot before action by trade union
				226. Requirement of ballot before action by trade union.
				226A. Notice of ballot and sample voting paper for employers.
				226B. Appointment of scrutineer.
				226C. Exclusion for small ballots.
				227. Entitlement to vote in ballot.
				228. Separate workplace ballots.
				228A. Separate workplaces: single and aggregate ballots.
				229. Voting paper.
				230. Conduct of ballot.
				231. Information as to result of ballot.
				231A. Employers to be informed of ballot result.
				231B. Scrutineer's report.
				232. Balloting of overseas members.
				232A. Inducement of member denied entitlement to vote.
				232B. Small accidental failures to be disregarded.
				233. Calling of industrial action with support of ballot.
				234. Period after which ballot ceases to be effective.
				Requirement on trade union to give notice of industrial action
				234A. Notice to employers of industrial action.
				235. Construction of references to contract of employment.
				Industrial action affecting supply of goods or services to an individual
				235A. Industrial action affecting supply of goods or services to an individual.
				235B. Application for assistance for proceedings under section 235A.
				235C. Provisions supplementary to section 235B.
				No compulsion to work
				236. No compulsion to work.
				Loss of unfair dismissal protection
				237. Dismissal of those taking part in unofficial industrial action.
				238. Dismissals in connection with other industrial action.
				238A. Participation in official industrial action.
				239. Supplementary provisions relating to unfair dismissal.
				Criminal offences
				240. Breach of contract involving injury to persons or property.
				241. Intimidation or annoyance by violence or otherwise.
				242. Restriction of offence of conspiracy: England and Wales.
				243. Restriction of offence of conspiracy: Scotland.
				Supplementary
				244. Meaning of "trade dispute" in Part V.
				245. Crown employees and contracts.
				246. Minor definitions.
				Part VI Administrative provisions
				ACAS
				247. ACAS.
				248. The Council of ACAS.
				249. Terms of appointment of members of Council.
				250. Remuneration, &c. of members of Council.
				251. Secretary, officers and staff of ACAS.
				251A. Fees for exercise of functions by ACAS.
				252. General financial provisions.
				253. Annual report and accounts.
				The Certification Officer
				254. The Certification Officer.
				255. Remuneration, &c. of Certification Officer and assistants.
				256. Procedure before the Certification Officer.
				256A. Vexatious litigants.
				256B. Vexatious litigants: applications disregarded.
				257. Custody of documents submitted under earlier legislation.
				258. Annual report and accounts.
				Central Arbitration Committee
				259. The Central Arbitration Committee.
				260. The members of the Committee.
				261. Terms of appointment of members of Committee.
				262. Remuneration, &c. of members of Committee.
				263. Proceedings of the Committee.
				263A. Proceedings of the Committee under Schedule A1.
				264. Awards of the Committee.
				265. Annual report and accounts.
				The Commissioner for the Rights of Trade Union Members
				266. The Commissioner.
				267. .
				268. .
				269. .
				270. .
				271. .
				Supplementary
				272. Meaning offinancial year.
				Part VII Miscellaneous and general
				Crown employment, etc.
				273. Crown employment.
				274. Armed forces.
				275. Exemption on grounds of national security.
				276. Further provision as to Crown application.
				House of Lords and House of Commons staff
				277. House of Lords staff.
				278. House of Commons staff.
				Health service practitioners
				279. Health service practitioners.
				Police service
				280. Police service.
				Excluded classes of employment
				281. Part-time employment.
				282. Short-term employment.
				283. Mariners.
				284. Share fishermen.
				285. Employment outside Great Britain.
				286. Power to make further provision as to excluded classes of employment.
				Offshore employment
				287. Offshore employment.
				Contracting out, &c.
				288. Restriction on contracting out.
				289. Employment governed by foreign law.
				Employment tribunal proceedings
				290. General provisions as to conciliation.
				291. Right of appeal from industrial tribunal.
				Other supplementary provisions
				292. Death of employee or employer.
				293. Regulations.
				294. Reciprocal arrangements with Northern Ireland.
				Interpretation
				295. Meaning of employee and related expressions.
				296. Meaning of worker and related expressions.
				297. Associated employers.
				298. Minor definitions: general.
				299. Index of defined expressions.
				Final provisions
				300. Repeals, consequential amendments, transitional provisions and savings.
				301. Extent.
				302. Commencement.
				303. Short title.
				Schedules
				SCHEDULE A1 Collective Bargaining: Recognition
				Part I Recognition
				Part II Voluntary Recognition
				Part III Changes affecting bargaining unit
				Part IV Derecognition: General
				Part V Derecognition where recognition automatic
				Part VI Derecognition where union not independent
				Part VII Loss of independence
				Part VIII Detriment
				Part IX General
				SCHEDULE 1 Repeals
				SCHEDULE 2 Consequential amendments
				SCHEDULE 3 Transitional provisions and savings
				TABLE OF DERIVATIONS

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